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HGH – Human Growth Hormone

human growth hormone is a vital substance produced by the anterior pituitary gland, crucial for normal growth and body development. Secretion of growth hormone (GH) begins at birth, peaks during late adolescence, and gradually declines in the second decade of life. For over 40 years, medical applications have utilized growth hormone to address various disorders, but in recent decades, it has surged in popularity among middle-aged individuals seeking anti-aging solutions, teenagers aiming for muscle gain, and athletes striving for enhanced performance. Misuse of GH ranks among the top three most common substances abused by athletes.

Understanding Human Growth Hormone

Human growth hormone, referred to as HGH, hGH, or GH, is paramount for cellular production, growth, and metabolism. It is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland and collaborates with various hormones to promote proper human growth. GH typically surges during puberty and drops significantly by age 40.

Readily available from health food stores and alternative practitioners, GH is marketed under brand names such as Genotropin®, Humatrope®, Norditropin®, Nutropin®, Saizen®, and Serostim®.

Farmakoloogia

Most GH on the market is synthetically produced using recombinant DNA technology, primarily as somatropin and somatrem. These synthetic variants mirror the natural GH’s pharmacological effects. GH binds to its receptors across various tissues, catalyzing cellular processes that regulate metabolism, fluid balance, and skeletal and muscle mass. Levels of GH naturally elevate during sleep, stress, and physical activity.

Conditions Affecting GH Levels

Imbalances in GH levels can lead to serious health conditions. Excessive GH can result in acromegaly, characterized by enlarged extremities and continuous cell growth, or pituitary gigantism, resulting in extreme height. Conversely, GH deficiency can lead to impairments in growth and development.

FDA Approved Clinical Uses

The FDA has sanctioned several injectable formulations of HGH, available strictly by prescription. Initially approved in 1985 for treating short stature due to GH deficiency (GHD), it has expanded to include conditions such as Prader-Willi syndrome, chronic renal insufficiency-related short stature, and Turner syndrome. In recent approvals, GH is also recognized for treating adult wasting associated with AIDS.

Clinical evidence supports noticeable outcomes of GH treatment, including:

• Enhanced muscle mass and bone density
• Reduced body fat
• Improved mental function
• Boosted exercise performance
• Increased cardiovascular stress tolerance

Dosage Guidelines

GH is exclusively delivered via injection—either subcutaneous or intramuscular. It demonstrates rapid action once introduced into the bloodstream, although dosing remains varied based on IGF levels or body weight, typically around 0.01-0.1 mg/kg for adults. GH formulations can be found in both powder and liquid forms, requiring reconstitution with saline solution.

Potential Side Effects

GH usage can lead to several adverse effects, including:

• Generalized edema
• Carpal tunnel syndrome
• Joint and muscle discomfort
• Neuropathies (numbness and tingling)
• Elevated blood glucose levels

Prescription Requirements

GH can only be legally prescribed for FDA-approved indications, though many off-label uses, including performance enhancement and anti-aging, exist. The FDA has not approved GH for these purposes due to potential risks outweighing benefits. Patients should thoroughly assess the serious side effects before pursuing treatment.

Risk Considerations

Risks associated with GH include the potential for overdose, leading to serious complications like acromegaly and possible tumor growth due to cellular proliferation. Less severe effects can include fluid retention, carpal tunnel syndrome, joint discomfort, and type 2 diabetes. Anti-aging advocates considering GH therapy must weigh the associated risks against potential benefits.

Off-Label Uses

Bodybuilding

GH is primarily misused in bodybuilding and anti-aging. It’s among the most frequently abused substances in sports, often combined with various other drugs, making precise effectiveness claims difficult. Due to challenges in detection, GH abuse persists among athletes.

Costs for GH can be steep, ranging from $500 to $2000 monthly, with a risk of counterfeit products.

Anti-Aging

While many seek GH for youthful appearances and wrinkle reduction, it is not FDA-approved for anti-aging treatment and lacks evidence for achieving desired improvements in skin quality.

The allure of growth hormone has spurred a $70 million “copycat” treatment industry, where individuals pay upwards of $10,000 annually for genuine GH injections, typically offered in medical spas or anti-aging clinics.

Accessibility

A significant number of users acquire HGH through illicit channels, including theft from pharmacies or prescriptions from unethical physicians. Online pharmacies often dispense GH without proper medical evaluation, with products frequently ending up on the black market.

Despite injections being the only legitimate method of administration, products misrepresented as oral sprays or gels flood the market, with minimal absorption efficacy.

Testing Limitations

Synthetic GH’s detection in the body is challenging; current methods can only identify GH for up to 48 hours post-injection, a fact well known among athletes.

Sermorelin

Sermorelin, a newer compound, mimics growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) produced by the hypothalamus, encouraging GH production in the anterior pituitary. It remains undetectable in blood or urine after a certain period. Sermorelin’s effects take 3-4 weeks to manifest constructively, lacking the significant side effects associated with GH, but it is not a valid substitution for those without GH.

Kontrolli staatus

Increasing abuse of HGH has led to stricter federal regulations. The 1990 Anabolic Steroids Control Act criminalizes the possession and distribution of GH with severe penalties. Recent legislative proposals have aimed to classify HGH under stricter control schedules, as recognized by organizations including the World Anti-Doping Agency and the International Olympic Committee